基本信息
| 标准名称： | 承压用复合无缝钢管 |
| 英文名称： | Composite seamless steel tubes for pressure |
| 中标分类： |
冶金 >>
钢铁产品 >>
钢管、铸铁管 |
| 发布部门： | 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局 中国国家标准化管理委员会 |
| 发布日期： | 2012-11-05 |
| 实施日期： | 2013-05-01 |
| 首发日期： | 2012-11-05 |
| 作废日期： | |
| 主管部门： | 中国钢铁工业协会 |
| 归口单位： | 全国钢标准化技术委员会 |
| 起草单位： | 武汉锅炉集团特种锅炉工程有限责任公司、北京长兴凯达复合材料科技发展有限公司、冶金工业信息标准研究院、攀钢集团江油四川长城特殊钢有限公司等 |
| 出版社： | 中国标准出版社 |
| 出版日期： | 2013-05-01 |
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前言
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引用标准
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所属分类： 冶金 钢铁产品 钢管 铸铁管
【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforRating-ScaleMeasuresRelevanttotheElectronicHealthRecord
【原文标准名称】:与电子健康记录相关的等级划分测量的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTME2171-2002(2008)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2002
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E31.25
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:EHRS(electronichealthrecordsystem);Mathematicalmodels/modeling;Patientbiographical/medicaldata;Psychosocialfunctionmeasurement;Raschmathematicalmodel;Scale-freemathematicalmodels;Spiritualwell-beingdataqualityindex
【摘要】:ThesimplicityandpracticalityofRasch''sprobabilisticscale-freemeasurementmodelshavebroughtwithinreachuniversalmetricsforeducationalandpsychologicaltests,andforratingscale-basedinstrumentsingeneral.Thereareatleast3implicationstotheapplicationofRasch''smodelstothehealth-relatedcalibrationofuniversalmetricsforeachofthevariablesrelevanttotheElectronicHealthRecord(EHR)thataretypicallymeasuredusingratingscaleinstruments.First,establishingasinglemetricstandardwithadefinedrangeandunitwillarresttheburgeoningproliferationofnewscale-dependentmetrics.Second,thecommunicationoftheinformationpertainingtopatientstatusrepresentedbythesemeasures(physical,cognitive,andpsychosocialhealthstatus,qualityoflife,satisfactionwithservices,etc.)willbesimplified.Third,commonstandardsofdataqualitywillbeusedtoevaluateandimproveinstrumentperformance.Thevastmajorityoftestandsurveydataqualityiscurrentlyalmostcompletelyunknown,andwhenqualityisevaluated,itisviamanydifferentmethodsthatareofteninsufficienttothetask,misapplied,misinterpreted,orevencontradictoryintheiraims.Fourth,currentlyunavailableeconomicbenefitswillaccruefromtheimplementationofmeasurementmethodsbasedonquality-assesseddataandwidelyacceptedreferencestandardmetrics.Thepotentialmagnitudeofthesebenefitscanbeseeninanassessmentof12differentmetrologicalimprovementstudiesconductedbytheNationalScienceandTechnologyCouncil(SubcommitteeonResearch,1996).Theaveragereturnoninvestmentassociatedwiththesetwelvestudieswas147%.Isthereanyreasontosupposethatsimilarinstrumentimprovementeffortsinthepsychosocialscienceswillresultinmarkedlylowerreturns?Untilnow,ithasbeenassumedthatthePracticeE1384wouldnecessarilyhavetostipulatefieldsfortheEHRthatwouldcontainsummaryscoresfromcommonlyusedfunctionalassessment,healthstatus,qualityoflife,andsatisfactioninstruments.Thisisbecausestandardsforratingscaleinstrumentstodatehavebeenentirelycontent-based.Thosewhohavesoughtx201C;goldx201D;orcriterionstandardsthatwouldcommanduniversalrespectandrelevancehavebeenstymiedbytheimpossibilityofidentifyingcontent(surveyquestionsandratingcategories)capableofsatisfyingallusers''needs.Communicationofpatientstatisticsbetweenmanagersandclinicians,orpayorsandproviders,mayrequireonekindofinformation;betweenprovidersandreferralsources,otherkinds;betweenprovidersandaccreditors,yetanother;amongcliniciansthemselves,stillanother;andevenmorekindsofinformationmayberequiredforresearchapplications.Forinstance,payorsmaywanttoknowoutcomeinformationthattellsthemwhatpercentageofpatientsdischargedcanfunctionindependentlyathome.Ahospitalmanager,referralsource,oraccreditormightwanttoknowmoredetail,suchaspercentagesofpatientsdischargedwhocandress,bathe,walk,andeatindependently.Clinicianswillwanttoknowstillmoredetailaboutamountsofindependence,suchaswhethertherearesafetyissues,needsforassistivedevices,orspecificareasinwhichfunctionalitycouldbeimproved.Researchersmayseekevenmoredetailyet,astheyevaluatedifferencesinoutcomesacrosstreatmentprograms,diagnosticgroups,facilities,levelsofcare,etc.Membersofeachofthesegroupshave,atsometime,feltthattheirparticularinformationneedshavenotbeenmetbythetoolsdesignedanddevelopedbymembersofanothergroup.Despitethefactthattheinformationprovidedbythesedifferenttoolsappearsinmanydifferentformsandatdifferentlevelsofdetail,totheextentthatthe........
【中国标准分类号】:C07
【国际标准分类号】:35_240_80
【页数】:23P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语